Media essay writing

Wednesday, April 15, 2020

Walsh, Winterich and Mittal

Summary Walsh, Winterich and Mittal (2010) wanted to find out whether logo redesigning help or hurt the brand or attitude towards it. They wanted to determine its effect on brand commitment. They defined a logo as a graphic representation of a brand that acted in such a way as to trigger the memory of the customer towards that particular brand. There are various brand elements that are essential for the success of a product and it to be recognized by customers but the brand logo has been identified as the most noticeable visual element.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Walsh, Winterich and Mittal specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The shape of the logo has been determined to have an impact on the brand commitment. Many brands are emulating those of Asian countries. The bulbous designs with round shapes are preferred to those with more angles. In order to investigate whether the round shape of a logo has an effect, the authors investigated the effects of logo redesigning. In the investigation, they were to check on three categories. The first consisted of those that experienced no change in shape, the other category consisted of those logos that had been redesigned to consist of an angular shape and the last category consisted of those that were initially angular but redesigned to be more rounded. The results showed that fifty percent of all the logos that had been investigated changed in shape and sixty-eight percent of them had been redesigned to contain more rounded shapes. Research has suggested that the reactions of the customers towards the shape of the logo differ with the shape of the logo, whether rounded or angular. It has been suggested that the more rounded logos create a perception of approachability, harmony and friendliness. On the other hand, the angular logos depict strength, toughness and energy. This means that the visual effects of a logo would have an implication on the pe rception of the customers. However, the authors did not try to justify that a particular shape is better than the other is. They only tried to explain that if the logo was previously more angular and was redesigned to be more rounded, the customers would spot the difference. They also examined the effects that the magnitude of change in the design of the logo had to the level of commitment by the consumers to the brand. The authors suggested that those consumers who are strongly committed to a particular brand would be affected negatively in the event that the shape of the logo is changed. This is possible due to the importance of logos as the element that represents that particular brand. This is likely lead to negative brand attitudes. In the same line of reasoning, those consumers who previously had a weak brand commitment would most likely develop positive brand attitude towards the redesigning of a brand logo.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This research proved that the visual elements of a brand such as the logo have a significant implication on the brand. The roundedness of a logo was also more desired by those who considered redesigning a logo. The authors warned managers and explained that managers make a mistake when they think that their most committed customers would be most receptive in the event that the logo is changed. On the contrary, such customers might have a negative brand image when the logo is changed. For example, Apple failed to advertise the new logo effectively but only made its appearance in products and packaging. This might be the reason why the strongly committed consumers responded negatively. They might have been caught by surprise and disappointed by the new look that they had not anticipated. Critique Walsh, Winterich and Mittal (2011) also performed research to investigate how the customerÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s response to the redesigning of a logo from its previous angular shape to a more rounded shape was consistent with their commitment to the brand. The authors argued that the level of commitment of the consumers to the brand moderated the effects on the attitudes towards the brand that are likely to be brought about by the process of redesigning the logo. However, they argued that as much as the commitment to the brand had a positive impact towards brand attitudes of individuals who were previously accustomed to the angular logos, the same commitment had a negative effect towards the brand attitude in the event that the logo was redesigned to be more rounded. The authors also found that brand information was supposed to be consistent with the shape of the logo since inconsistence would affect brand attitudes. Therefore, the authors advised managers to be careful when redesigning logos since inconsistent information would jeopardize brand commitment. Opinion Every company should be careful to ensure t hat the most committed consumers are maintained. Such activities as the redesigning of the logo should be approached at a certain perspective and be considered wisely. The mere changing of the shape of the logo either to be more rounded or angular has an effect on the brand attitudes and generally toward brand commitment. Managers should understand the implications of logo redesigning before considering performing it. Twitter contribution Social media has increasingly become an important tool for marketing and the promotion of personal relations over the internet. Twitter is one of the social tools that have been used by marketers and other individuals in marketing their products. Individuals have used it to advertise or inform others about certain things that are of concern to them and related to business. Twitter is one of the most widely used application by marketers due to the number of people that use it, hence a large number of potential customers.Advertising We will writ e a custom report sample on Walsh, Winterich and Mittal specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As a new member of twitter, I have developed a great interest in this application and I have been able to share some of the interesting topics in marketing. This has been made possible by the availability of the hash tag utility. This enables people to share common views and ideas concerning a certain subject. I have personally shared web pages on topics such as advertisement. The advertisement that I shared was on YouTube and it was an Audi commercial. The company was advertising its products, which are the various models of the Audi brand of vehicles. Another important tweet I made was on the topic concerning the new ways of reaching the customers. This was whereby the customers could do some shopping while they waited for the subway. Marketers used that opportunity to sell their products. I was also able to tweet on the topic, marketing and soc ial responsibilities and it was about the Zain Company. I also tweeted and shared the article summary and critique. This way, I was able to participate in the global venture of marketing. Twitter is a great tool for communicating and sharing information since it is very effective and fast. I was also able to follow some of my favorite people such as Derrick Daye and Philip Kotler who are well known marketers. Twitter is a great experience and I am looking forward to doing more marketing through it. References Walsh, M., Winterich, K., Mittal, V. (2011). How re-designing angular logos to be rounded shapes brand attitude: Consumer brand commitment and self-construal. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 28(6), 438-447. Walsh, M., Winterich, K., Mittal, V. (2010). Do logo redesigns help or hurt your brand? The role of brand commitment. Journal of Product and Brand Management, 19(2), 76-84. This report on Walsh, Winterich and Mittal was written and submitted by user Eva Mays to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Walsh, Winterich and Mittal

Thursday, March 12, 2020

Hammerhead Sharks essays

Hammerhead Sharks essays The Hammerhead Shark is part of the phylum Chordata, subphylum Vertabrata, class Chondrichthyes, order Selachii, family Sphyrinidae. There are eight or nine species of Hammerheads (Sphyrina couardi was added to the Sphyrina lewini genus), which are the Bonnethead (Shovelhead), Sphyrina tiburo, the Scalloped Hammerhead, Sphyrina lewini, the Winghead, Eusphyra blochii, the Common Hammerhead, Sphyrina zygaena, the Scoophead, Sphyrina media, the Whitefin Hammerhead, Sphyrina couardi, the Smalleye Hammerhead, Sphyrina tudes, the Scalloped Bonnethead, Sphyrina corona, and the Great Hammerhead, Sphyrina mokarran. Of all sharks, the Hammerhead definitely stands out. The Hammerhead is one of the oddest looking sharks. It has hammer-like projections on either side of its head. Some scientists think the hammer lets the shark get more lift when swimming, but no one has proved it. Another theory is that the hammer gives more space for sensory organs. Hammerheads are grayish, with a few variations, in color. They have rough, sandpaper like skin. They have an eye and nostril at each end of the hammer. They have sharp teeth in the front of their mouth for ripping and tearing and molars for crushing shells in the back. They swing their heads side to side when they swing to get a good view of their surroundings. Other than the hammer, the shark looks like most other sharks, with two pectoral fins, a dorsal fin, two pelvic fins, two tiny fins before the tail, and a vertical tail. Hammerhead sharks grow between to 5 to 20 feet. The smallest is the Bonnethead at 5 feet, the largest the Great Hammerhead at 20. Hammerhead sharks live throughout the world. They live in warm, tropical and temperate waters, staying near the coast. Some live in brackish water where rivers meet the oceans on coasts. Hammerhead schools often swim near underwater peaks and other features. The farthest north they range is about Newfoundland. Some species of Hammerhead...

Monday, February 24, 2020

The importance of coordination and cooperation among all levels of Research Paper

The importance of coordination and cooperation among all levels of government - Research Paper Example In many cases, it is often hard and difficult working in a system that does not have proper systems and mechanisms for effective coordination. In this kind of set up, many complains often arise from people meant to enjoy services from them; this is because, they end up having a lot of inefficiencies. This paper examine s the essence of effective in the American government during times of emergency like Hurricane Katrina, outlining the importance of various management control systems used during the catastrophe. According to federal law, coordination is a process, which requires that all the federal agencies to effectively coordinate the respective plans, programs as well as management activities with the local governments. Coordination itself is a very strong and powerful tool that is often employed in order to offer essential services to the populace, protect their property rights, utilize essential resources and other services that the government is mandated to offer to its people (Haddow, Bullock & Coppola 2014). The process of coordination has often worked effectively in the past since most federal agencies are particularly directed by the Congress in the process of working with the local governments (Haddow, Bullock & Coppola 2014). In the past, coordination has proved effective in the process of implementing special policies that have had greater impacts on the local residents. It is important to note that federal governments cannot easily decide to walk out of it, however, it is sometimes least enforced since some local governments do not have its full awareness and have not been effectively trained on how to implement it. Various incidences that have happened in the United States, have illustrated how coordination in the government has been helpful towards effective management of this catastrophes (Allen & Beech 2013). One of the incidences that received a greater amount of effective government coordination was the Hurricane

Saturday, February 8, 2020

The Cost-Benefit of Well Employees Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Cost-Benefit of Well Employees - Essay Example Indeed, the recommendations are pertinent and plausible although some are quite difficult to get implemented. It is essential for strategic planners of a business enterprise to reduce its long run health care costs and per employee expenditures by ensuring hygienic, safe, nutritious and secure food stuff at canteens and organizationÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s cafeterias. Although, the short-run costs would be high since employers have to make huge investments and to subsidize these products to make them affordable for employees. Yet, it is worthwhile to mention that it would reduce total organizational health budgets and number of disease affected employees while simultaneously result in higher productivity and efficiency. However, workers suffering from inherited, sexually transmitted or other diseases (including Aids, Cancer, Tuberculosis, Hepatitis, Brain Tumor, Kidney problem, diabetes etc) are excluded from this list as they need cure / medical treatment on regular basis. Firms can take a mandatory comprehensive medical test to prevent their entrance. The second recommendation would be quite useful as i t would help creating a safe and healthy working environment that would be beneficial for all employees. Quite unequivocally, addiction to detrimental smoking habit is attributable to aggressive persuasive advertising by Tobacco companies, which are inclined to reap benefits at the expense of others. It is impossible for addicts or occasional smokers (who are also workers) to completely get rid of Smoking. Similarly, companies may also not influence their employees to give up smoking even after conducting inter-organizational campaigns, personality development, training and health hazards programs. Hence, at least they could force workers to kick the habit outside the workplaces, thereby also hampering non0smokers from getting interested in Smoking. Without any doubt, Health is Wealth. A healthy, physically

Wednesday, January 29, 2020

Poverty in India Essay Example for Free

Poverty in India Essay Poverty is the deprivation of food, shelter, money and clothing that occurs when people cannot satisfy their basic needs. Poverty can be understood simply as a lack of money, or more broadly in terms of barriers to everyday life. It refers to a situation where a person is unable meet the basic necessities of life. Absolute poverty or destitution refers to the state of severe deprivation of basic human needs, which commonly includes food, water, sanitation, clothing, shelter, health care, education and information. The amount of income a person or family needs to purchase an absolute amount of the basic necessities of life. These basic necessities are identified in terms of calories of food, BTUs of energy, square feet of living space, etc. The problem with the absolute poverty level is that there really are no absolutes when in comes to consuming goods. Relative poverty views poverty as socially defined and dependent on social context, hence relative poverty is a measure of income inequality. Usually, relative poverty is measured as the percentage of population with income less than some fixed proportion of median income. There are several other different income inequality metrics, for example the Gini coefficient or the Theil Index. Relative poverty measures are used as official poverty rates in several developed countries. As such these poverty statistics measure inequality rather than material deprivation or hardship. The measurements are usually based on a persons yearly income and frequently take no account of total wealth. Definitions United Nations: Fundamentally, poverty is a denial of choices and opportunities, a violation of human dignity. It means lack of basic capacity to participate effectively in society. It means not having enough to food and clothing a family, not having a school or clinic to go to, not having the land on which to grow oneÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s food or a job to earn oneÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s living, not having access to credit. It means insecurity, powerlessness and exclusion of individuals, households and communities. It means susceptibility to violence, and it often implies living in marginal or fragile environments, without access to clean water or sanitation. World Bank: Poverty is pronounced deprivation in well-being, and comprises many dimensions. It includes low incomes and the inability to acquire the basic goods and services necessary for survival with dignity. Poverty also encompasses lowÃ‚ levels of health and education, poor access to clean water and sanitation, inadequate physical security, lack of voice, and insufficient capacity and opportunity to better oneÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s life. Copenhagen Declaration: Absolute poverty is a condition characterized by severe deprivation of basic human needs, including food, safe drinking water, sanitation facilities, health, shelter, education and information. It depends not only on income but also on access to social services. The term absolute poverty is sometimes synonymously referred to as extreme poverty. World Health Organisation: Poverty is associated with the undermining of a range of key human attributes, including health. The poor are exposed to greater personal and environmental health risks, are less well nourished, have less information and are less able to access health care; they thus have a higher risk of illness and disability. Conversely, illness can reduce household savings, lower learning ability, reduce productivity, and lead to a diminished quality of life, thereby perpetuating or even increasing poverty. Poverty line is the minimum level of income deemed adequate in a given country. In practice, like the definition of poverty, the official or common understanding of the poverty line is significantly higher in developed countries than in developing countries. The common international poverty line has in the past been roughly $1 a day. In 2008, the World Bank came out with a revised figure of $1.25 at 2005 purchasing-power parity (PPP). Determining the poverty line is usually done by finding the total cost of all the essential resources that an average human adult consumes in one year. Individual factors are often used to account for various circumstances, such as whether one is a parent, elderly, a child, married, etc. The poverty threshold may be adjusted annually. Below Poverty Line is an economic benchmark and poverty threshold used by the government of India to indicate economic disadvantage and to identify individuals and households in need of government assistance and aid. It is determined using various parameters which vary from state to state and within states. The present criteria are based on a survey conducted in 2002. Going into a survey due for a decade, Indias central government is undecided on criteria to identify families below poverty line. Poverty in India The problem of poverty and unemployment is considered as the biggestÃ‚ challenge to development planning in India. High poverty levels are synonymous with poor quality of life, deprivation, malnutrition, illiteracy and low human resource development. The slogan of poverty eradication has been adopted by all political parties in one form or another and there is a national agreement for the goal of poverty alleviation. The national consensus on poverty alleviation provided the necessary condition for launching various schemes and programmes aimed at achieving this objective. But the persistence of poverty during all these years suggests that the national consensus on objectives did not and could not provide sufficient conditions for poverty alleviation. The starting point for estimating the number of households below the poverty line is a nutritional requirement per person per day at some base point. There is a debate on the minimum calorie requirement, and whether it should be the same for all parts of the country. Most acceptable figures are 2,400 calories per person per day in rural areas, and 2,200 calories per person per day in urban areas. The next step is to translate the nutrient requirement into monetary terms. The expenditure level of households which are able to spend the requisite amount to obtain the desired calories serves as the cut-off point, or the poverty line. To adjust the poverty line over a period of time, price variations have to be considered and an appropriate price deflator has to be selected. The problem arises in deciding upon such a deflator. Thus, the following elements mainly affect the magnitude of the poverty ratio: (i) the nutrition norm (translated into monetary terms); (ii) price deflator used to update the poverty line; and (iii) pro rata adjustment in the number of households in different expenditure classes to determine the number of households below and above the poverty line. Different assumptions and methods are used for these three purposes, which accounts for the different estimates provided by scholars. The Planning Commission has been estimating the incidence of poverty at the national and state level using the methodology contained in the report of the Expert Group on Estimation of Proportion and Number of Poor (Lakdawala Committee) and applying it to consumption expenditure data from the large sample surveys on consumer expenditure conducted by the NSSO (National Sample Survey Organisation) at an interval of approximately five years. Estimates of Poverty (Per cent) Year All India Rural Urban All India Poverty Ratio Rural Poverty Ratio Urban Poverty Ratio Number (per cent) Number (per cent) Number (per cent) (Million) (Million) (Million) 1973-74 321 54.9 261 56.4 60 49.0 1977-78 329 51.3 264 53.1 65 45.2 1983 323 44.5 252 45.7 71 40.8 1987-88 307 38.9 232 39.1 75 38.2 1993-94 320 36.0 244 37.3 76 32.4 1999-2000 260 26.1 193 27.1 67 23.6 2004-05 239 21.8 170 21.8 68 21.7 Problems caused due to poverty Human poverty measures suggest even worse outcomes than for income poverty in India. India has never been a good performer in human development terms, despite the much better indicators in some states, particularly Kerala. Overall, both health and education indicators have lagged well below those in other countries at similar levels of development and with similar per capita income. But food poverty has been of particular concern. Recent studies have shown alarming levels of hunger, especially in certain states of India. Studies by IFPRI and ISHI quoted in Banerjee (2008) suggest that most states in India rank somewhere among the poor Sub-Saharan countries:Ã‚ Punjab, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh and Assam have a Ã¢â‚¬Å¾seriousÃ¢â‚¬Å¸ level of hunger; Madhya Pradesh fares worst in the Ã¢â‚¬Å¾extremely alarmingÃ¢â‚¬Å¸ cohort of hunger. All the other states record an Ã¢â‚¬Å¾alarmingÃ¢â‚¬Å¸ level of hunger, which is also the general ranking for the whole country. More appallingly, the situation appears to have worsened in the recent period of rapid economic growth. National Sample Surveys shows declining per capita calorie consumption, not only among the entire population, but also among the bottom quartiles, for which consumption was already very inadequate by international standards. Other indicators of both nutrition and health are also extreme. The latest National Family Health Survey for 2005Ã¢â‚¬â€œ06 shows that the proportion of underweight children below the age of five years was 45.6 per cent in rural India and 32.7 per cent in urban India, indicating hardly any change from the previous survey undertaken eight years previously. More than one-third of the rural population was also underweight. Anaemia often a good indicator of nutritional deprivation was also widespread: 79.2 per cent of children aged 12Ã¢â‚¬â€œ23 months and 56.2 per cent of ever-married women between 15 and 59 years were found to be anaemic. Conclusion Poverty Alleviation Programmes The poverty alleviation programme have been broadly classified into self-employment programmes, wage employment programmes, food safety programme and social security programmes. The focus is on the central government schemes only. It is not possible to map the special programmes of all the states. It must be noted here that some of the progressive states have added additional components or given further subsidy to enhance the benefits of the central schemes. For example, in the highly subsidized public distribution system of Andhra Pradesh, the BPL card holders were provided rice at Rs. 2 per kg. Self-employment programmes: This programme was started in 1970s in rural areas of the country in the name of Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) to increase the source of income of small farmers and landless labourers. The beneficiaries were given subsidized credit, training, and infrastructure, so that they could find new sources ofÃ‚ earning. In this scheme, agricultural labourers and small farmers received new skills to involve in vocations other than cultivating land. They included fishery, animal husbandry, and forestry. In the 1980s, this scheme was extended to schedule castes and tribes, women and rural artisans. Wage employment programmes: The main purpose of the wage employment programmes is to provide a livelihood during the lean agricultural season as well as during drought and floods. Under these programmes, villagers worked to improve the village infrastructure such as deepening the village ponds, constructing village schools and improving the rural roads. Thus the programmes not only provided employment to the villagers but also improved village infrastructure and created village public assets. A positive fall out of this programme is that it created higher demand for village labour, thereby pushing up the wage of the labourer in the villages. Food security programmes: Meeting the very basic need of access to food is a major challenge to the government in the post-economic reform era. Those who are below poverty line are faced with the problem of meeting this very basic need. Starvation and hunger have been reported in different parts of the country, even in economically advanced states like Maharashtra. There is malnutrition in all age groups, especially among children. Problem of low birth weight due to under nutrition of mother during pregnancy and underweight of children are rampant in the country. The purchasing power of certain section of the society is so low that they cannot access food at the market price. They need the safety net of food subsidy. In this context, public distribution system or PDS assumes importance. Social security programmes: Social security programmes are meant for those who are at the bottom of the BPL facing destitution and desertion. The central government has launched the National Social Assistance Programme or NSAP in August 1995. Under NSAP, there are three schemes. The first one is the National Old Age Pension Scheme or NOAPS. A pension amount of Rs. 75 per month is given to those who are above the age of 65 years and are destitute without any regular source of income or support from any family members or relatives. Though it is a very useful scheme for the elderly destitute, the coverage of the programme was not satisfactory. In the year 1999-2000, 8.71 million eligible elderly were identified, but the scheme could reach out to only 5 million beneficiaries. It was found that the benefits really reached theÃ‚ poor and the leakage rate was found to be low.